Primary Sources

• Weizenbaum, Joseph. "ELIZA — A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine." Communications of the ACM, vol. 9, no. 1, January 1966, pp. 36–45.
• Weizenbaum, Joseph. Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation. W. H. Freeman, 1976.

Source Code

• elizagen.org — Jeff Shrager's ELIZA archaeology project, including the original MAD-SLIP source code transcription from Weizenbaum's MIT archives.
• anthay/ELIZA — Anthony Hay's annotated transcription and faithful C++ reimplementation.
• ELIZAGEN: Original ELIZA — Background on the 2021 rediscovery of the source code.

Further Reading

• ELIZA on Wikipedia.
• ELIZA effect on Wikipedia.
• ELIZA Reanimated — 2025 paper by Shrager et al. on restoring the original ELIZA on the original CTSS system.
• elizabot.js — Norbert Landsteiner's JavaScript implementation, a widely referenced web adaptation.